Mu 2021, malonda a EV padziko lonse lapansi adzawerengera 9% yazogulitsa zonse zamagalimoto onyamula anthu.
Pofuna kulimbikitsa chiwerengerochi, kuwonjezera pa kuika ndalama zambiri m'mabizinesi atsopano kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko, kupanga ndi kupititsa patsogolo magetsi, opanga magalimoto ndi ogulitsa nawonso akugwedeza ubongo wawo kukonzekera m'badwo wotsatira wa zigawo zamagalimoto.
Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo mabatire olimba, ma axial-flow motors, ndi magetsi a 800-volt omwe amalonjeza kuchepetsa nthawi yolipiritsa pakati, kuchepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa batri ndi mtengo wake, ndikuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino kwa drivetrain.
Pakadali pano, ndi magalimoto atsopano ochepa okha omwe agwiritsa ntchito makina a 800-volt m'malo mwa 400 wamba.
Zitsanzo za 800-volt zomwe zilipo kale pamsika ndi: Porsche Taycan, Audi E-tron GT, Hyundai Ioniq 5 ndi Kia EV6.Lucid Air limousine imagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga za 900-volt, ngakhale akatswiri amakampani amakhulupirira kuti mwaukadaulo ndi 800-volt system.
Malinga ndi zomwe opanga zida za EV, kamangidwe ka batri la 800-volt ndiye ukadaulo wotsogola kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2020, makamaka pomwe nsanja zodzipatulira za 800-volt zimatuluka, monga Hyundai's E- GMP ndi PPE ya Gulu la Volkswagen.
Hyundai Motor's E-GMP modular magetsi nsanja imaperekedwa ndi Vitesco Technologies, kampani ya powertrain yomwe idachoka ku Continental AG, kuti ipereke ma inverters 800-volt;Gulu la Volkswagen PPE ndi kamangidwe ka batri la 800-volt molumikizana ndi Audi ndi Porsche.Modular electric mota nsanja.
"Pofika chaka cha 2025, zitsanzo zokhala ndi makina a 800-volt zidzakhala zofala kwambiri," adatero Dirk Kesselgruber, pulezidenti wa gulu la magetsi la GKN, kampani yopanga zamakono.GKN ndi m'modzi mwa ogulitsa angapo a Tier 1 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo, kupereka zinthu monga ma axle amagetsi a 800-volt, ndikuyang'ana kupanga misa mu 2025.
Anauza Automotive News Europe, "Tikuganiza kuti dongosolo la 800-volt lidzakhala lodziwika bwino. Hyundai yatsimikiziranso kuti ikhoza kukhala yopikisana mofanana pamtengo."
Ku United States, Hyundai IQNIQ 5 imayambira pa $43,650, yomwe ili yokhazikika kuposa mtengo wapakati wa $60,054 wamagalimoto amagetsi mu February 2022, ndipo imatha kulandiridwa ndi ogula ambiri.
"800 volts ndiye gawo lotsatira lomveka pakusinthika kwa magalimoto amagetsi oyera," Alexander Reich, wamkulu wamagetsi opanga magetsi ku Vitesco, adatero poyankhulana.
Kuphatikiza pakupereka ma inverters a 800-volt a Hyundai's E-GMP modular platform yamagetsi, Vitesco yapeza mapangano ena akuluakulu, kuphatikiza ma inverters a automaker yayikulu yaku North America ndi ma EV awiri otsogola ku China ndi Japan.Wopereka amapereka injini.
Gawo lamagetsi amagetsi a 800-volt likukula mwachangu kuposa momwe amayembekezera zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndipo makasitomala akukula mwamphamvu, Harry Husted, wamkulu waukadaulo ku US auto parts supplier BorgWarner, adatero kudzera pa imelo.chidwi.Woperekayo wapambananso maoda ena, kuphatikiza gawo lophatikizira loyendetsa mtundu wamtundu wapamwamba waku China.
1. Chifukwa chiyani 800 volts ndi "gawo lotsatira lomveka"?
Kodi zowoneka bwino za 800-volt system poyerekeza ndi zomwe zilipo 400-volt system?
Choyamba, amatha kupereka mphamvu yomweyo pamadzi otsika.Onjezani nthawi yolipiritsa ndi 50% ndi kukula kwa batire komweko.
Chotsatira chake, batire, chigawo chamtengo wapatali kwambiri mu galimoto yamagetsi, ikhoza kukhala yaying'ono, yowonjezera mphamvu pamene imachepetsa kulemera kwake.
Otmar Scharrer, wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wamkulu wa teknoloji yamagetsi yamagetsi ku ZF, anati: "Mtengo wa magalimoto amagetsi sunafike pamlingo wofanana ndi magalimoto a petulo, ndipo batire laling'ono lingakhale yankho labwino. Komanso, kukhala ndi batri yaikulu kwambiri chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ngati Ioniq 5 sichimveka pachokha. ”
"Mwa kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu yamagetsi ndi magetsi omwewo, galimotoyo imatha kupeza mphamvu kuwirikiza kawiri," adatero Reich."Ngati nthawi yolipira ili yothamanga kwambiri, galimoto yamagetsi singafunikire kuthera nthawi yothamanga makilomita a 1,000."
Chachiwiri, chifukwa ma voltages apamwamba amapereka mphamvu yomweyo ndi zochepa zamakono, zingwe ndi mawaya amathanso kukhala ang'onoang'ono komanso opepuka, kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mkuwa wokwera mtengo komanso wolemera.
Mphamvu zotayika zidzachepetsedwanso moyenerera, zomwe zimabweretsa kupirira bwino komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwa magalimoto.Ndipo palibe zovuta zowongolera matenthedwe zomwe zimafunikira kuti batire igwire ntchito pa kutentha koyenera.
Pomaliza, akaphatikizidwa ndi ukadaulo wa silicon carbide microchip, makina a 800-volt amatha kuwonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi mpaka 5 peresenti.Chip ichi chimataya mphamvu pang'ono posinthira ndipo chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri pakuwombanso mabuleki.
Chifukwa tchipisi tatsopano ta silicon carbide timagwiritsa ntchito silicon yocheperako, mtengo wake ukhoza kukhala wotsika komanso tchipisi tambiri titha kuperekedwa kumakampani opanga magalimoto, ogulitsa adati.Chifukwa mafakitale ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito tchipisi ta silicon, amapikisana ndi opanga makina pamzere wopanga semiconductor.
"Pomaliza, kupanga makina a 800-volt ndikofunikira," akumaliza Kessel Gruber wa GKN.
2. 800-volt charging network network
Nali funso lina: Malo ambiri opangira ndalama omwe alipo amachokera ku 400-volt system, kodi palidi ubwino wamagalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito 800-volt system?
Yankho loperekedwa ndi akatswiri amakampani ndi: inde.Ngakhale galimotoyo ikufunika 800-volt yochokera pamalipiro.
"Zambiri zomwe zilipo za DC zothamangitsa mwachangu ndi zamagalimoto a 400-volt," adatero Hursted."Kuti tikwaniritse kuthamanga kwa 800-volt, timafunikira mbadwo waposachedwa wamagetsi othamanga kwambiri, othamanga kwambiri a DC."
Ilo siliri vuto pakulipiritsa kunyumba, koma mpaka pano maukonde othamangitsa anthu ambiri ku US ali ndi malire.Reich akuganiza kuti vutoli ndilovuta kwambiri pamasiteshoni amisewu yayikulu.
Ku Ulaya, komabe, ma 800-volt opangira ma netiweki akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo Ionity ili ndi ma 800-volt, 350-kilowatt misewu yayikulu yolipirira ku Europe konse.
Ionity EU ndi pulojekiti yothandizana ndi ma automaker angapo pamaneti am'malo opangira magetsi amagetsi apamwamba kwambiri, yokhazikitsidwa ndi BMW Gulu, Daimler AG, Ford Motor ndi Volkswagen.Mu 2020, Hyundai Motor idalowa nawo gawo lachisanu kwambiri.
"Chaja ya 800-volt, 350-kilowatt ikutanthauza nthawi yolipiritsa ya 100-kilomita mphindi 5-7," akutero Schaller wa ZF."Ndi kapu ya khofi."
"Izi ndi ukadaulo wosokoneza. Zithandizanso makampani opanga magalimoto kukopa anthu ambiri kukumbatira magalimoto amagetsi."
Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa lochokera ku Porsche, zimatengera pafupifupi mphindi 80 kuti muwonjezere ma 250 mailosi osiyanasiyana mu 50kW, siteshoni yamagetsi ya 400V;Mphindi 40 ngati ndi 100kW;ngati kuziziritsa pulagi chojambulira (mitengo , kulemera ndi zovuta), zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa nthawi mpaka mphindi 30.
"Choncho, pofuna kukwaniritsa kuthamanga kwachangu, kusintha kwa ma voltages apamwamba sikungapeweke," lipotilo linamaliza.Porsche imakhulupirira kuti ndi 800-volt charging voltage, nthawi imatha kutsika mpaka mphindi 15.
Kubwezeretsanso kosavuta komanso kwachangu monga kuwonjezera mafuta - pali mwayi wabwino kuti zichitike.
3. Ochita upainiya m'mafakitale osasintha
Ngati teknoloji ya 800-volt ilidi yabwino kwambiri, ndi bwino kufunsa chifukwa chake, kupatulapo zitsanzo zomwe tatchulazi, pafupifupi magalimoto onse amagetsi akadali opangidwa ndi machitidwe a 400-volt, ngakhale atsogoleri a msika Tesla ndi Volkswagen.?
Schaller ndi akatswiri ena amati zifukwa zake ndi "zosavuta" komanso "kukhala bizinesi yoyamba."
Nyumba yodziwika bwino imagwiritsa ntchito ma 380 volts a magawo atatu a AC (kutsika kwamagetsi ndikosiyana, osati mtengo wokhazikika), kotero pamene opanga ma automaker adayamba kutulutsa ma hybrids ophatikizika ndi magalimoto opanda magetsi amagetsi, zida zolipirira zinali kale.Ndipo funde loyamba la magalimoto amagetsi linamangidwa pazigawo zomwe zinapangidwira ma hybrids a plug-in, omwe adachokera ku machitidwe a 400-volt.
"Aliyense akakhala pa 400 volts, zikutanthauza kuti ndiye mulingo wamagetsi womwe umapezeka muzomangamanga kulikonse," adatero Schaller."Ndiyo yabwino kwambiri, imapezeka nthawi yomweyo. Choncho anthu samaganizira kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo anaganiza."
Kessel Gruber akuyamikira Porsche monga mpainiya wa 800-volt system chifukwa imayang'ana kwambiri pakuchita kuposa kuchita.
Porsche akuyesa kuwunikanso zomwe makampaniwa adachita kuyambira kale.Iye amadzifunsa kuti: “Kodi iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli?"Kodi tingaipange kuyambira pachiyambi?"Ndiko kukongola kokhala wopanga magalimoto ochita bwino kwambiri.
Akatswiri azamakampani avomereza kuti kwangotsala nthawi kuti ma EV ochulukirapo a 800-volt agunde pamsika.
Palibe zovuta zambiri zaukadaulo, koma magawo ayenera kupangidwa ndikutsimikiziridwa;mtengo ukhoza kukhala wovuta, koma ndi kukula, maselo ang'onoang'ono ndi mkuwa wochepa, mtengo wotsika udzabwera posachedwa.
Volvo, Polestar, Stellantis ndi General Motors adanena kale kuti zitsanzo zamtsogolo zidzagwiritsa ntchito teknoloji.
Gulu la Volkswagen likukonzekera kukhazikitsa magalimoto angapo papulatifomu yake ya 800-volt PPE, kuphatikiza Macan yatsopano ndi ngolo yamasiteshoni yotengera lingaliro latsopano la A6 Avant E-tron.
Opanga ma automaker angapo aku China alengezanso kusamukira ku zomangamanga za 800-volt, kuphatikiza Xpeng Motors, NIO, Li Auto, BYD ndi Geely-owned Lotus.
"Ndili ndi Taycan ndi E-tron GT, muli ndi galimoto yokhala ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Ioniq 5 ndi umboni wakuti galimoto yotsika mtengo ya banja ndi yotheka, "adatero Kessel Gruber."Ngati magalimoto ochepawa angakwanitse, ndiye kuti galimoto iliyonse imatha."
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-19-2022