Kodi teknoloji yowonjezereka yobwerera m'mbuyo?
Sabata yatha, Huawei Yu Chengdong adanena poyankhulana kuti "ndizopanda pake kunena kuti galimoto yotalikirapo siinapite patsogolo mokwanira. Njira yowonjezera ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yamagetsi atsopano pakalipano."
Mawu awa adayambitsanso kukambirana koopsa pakati pa makampani ndi ogula zaukadaulo wowonjezera wosakanizidwa (womwe umatchedwa kuti augmented process).Ndipo mabwana angapo amabizinesi amagalimoto, monga wamkulu wamkulu Li Xiang, CEO wa Weima Shen Hui, ndi CEO wa WeiPai Li Ruifeng, apereka malingaliro awo.
Li Ruifeng, CEO wa mtundu wa Wei, adalankhula mwachindunji ndi Yu Chengdong pa Weibo, ponena kuti "zikufunikabe kukhala zovuta kupanga chitsulo, ndipo ndi mgwirizano wamakampani kuti teknoloji yosakanizidwa yowonjezera mapulogalamu ndi kumbuyo."Kuphatikiza apo, CEO wa mtundu wa Wei nthawi yomweyo adagula M5 kuti ayesedwe, ndikuwonjezera fungo lina lamfuti pazokambirana.
M'malo mwake, zisanachitike zokambirana za "ngati kuwonjezeka kuli m'mbuyo", abwino komanso oyang'anira Volkswagen analinso ndi "kukambitsirana kotentha" pankhaniyi.Feng Sihan, CEO wa Volkswagen China, adanena mosapita m'mbali kuti "pulogalamu yowonjezereka ndiyo yankho loipa kwambiri."
Kuyang'ana msika wamagalimoto apanyumba m'zaka zaposachedwa, zitha kupezeka kuti magalimoto atsopano nthawi zambiri amasankha mitundu iwiri yamagetsi yamitundu yotalikirapo kapena magetsi osasunthika, ndipo nthawi zambiri salowa nawo mu mphamvu ya plug-in hybrid.M'malo mwake, makampani azikhalidwe zamagalimoto, m'malo mwake, zida zawo zatsopano zamagetsi ndi magetsi kapena plug-in hybrid, ndipo "sasamala" kutalika konse.
Komabe, ndi magalimoto ochulukirachulukira omwe akutenga njira zokulirapo pamsika, komanso kuwonekera kwa magalimoto otchuka monga abwino kwambiri ndi Enjie M5, mitundu yayitali imadziwika ndi ogula ndipo yakhala mtundu wosakanizidwa pamsika. lero.
Kuwonjezeka kwachangu kwamitundu yayitali kukuyenera kukhudza kugulitsa mafuta ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa yamakampani amagalimoto amtundu, womwe ndi gwero la mkangano pakati pamakampani omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndi magalimoto omangidwa kumene.
Ndiye, teknoloji yowonjezereka yobwerera m'mbuyo?Kodi pali kusiyana kotani ndi pulagi-mu?N'chifukwa chiyani magalimoto atsopano amasankha malo otalikirapo?Ndi mafunso awa, Che Dongxi adapeza mayankho ataphunzira mozama njira ziwiri zaukadaulo.
1, Kusakanikirana kotalikirako ndi kusanganikirana kwa pulagi ndi muzu womwewo, ndipo mawonekedwe otalikirapo ndi osavuta.
Tisanakambilane zotalikirana ndi ma plug-in hybrid, tiyeni tiyambe tidziwitse mitundu iwiri ya mphamvuyi.
Malinga ndi chikalata chamtundu wamtundu "terminology of electric vehicles" (gb/t 19596-2017), magalimoto amagetsi amagawidwa m'magalimoto amagetsi oyera (pambuyo pake amatchedwa magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi) ndi magalimoto amagetsi osakanizidwa (omwe amatchedwanso magalimoto amagetsi osakanizidwa. ).
Galimoto ya haibridi imatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo, ofanana ndi osakanizidwa malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mphamvu.Pakati pawo, mndandanda wamtundu umatanthawuza kuti kuyendetsa galimoto kumangochokera ku galimoto;Mtundu wofananira umatanthawuza kuti mphamvu yoyendetsa galimoto imaperekedwa ndi galimoto ndi injini nthawi imodzi kapena mosiyana;Mtundu wosakanizidwa umatanthawuza njira ziwiri zoyendetsera zotsatizana / zofananira nthawi imodzi.
Range extender ndi mndandanda wosakanizidwa.Mtundu wowonjezera womwe umapangidwa ndi injini ndi jenereta umayendetsa batire, ndipo batire imayendetsa mawilo, kapena chowonjezera chamtunduwu chimapereka mphamvu ku mota kuyendetsa galimotoyo.
Komabe, lingaliro la kutanthauzira ndi kusakaniza ndizovuta.Kumbali ya galimoto yamagetsi, haibridi imathanso kugawidwa mu haibridi yolimbitsidwa kunja ndi yosakanizidwa kunja kwa hybrid malinga ndi mphamvu yolipiritsa kunja.
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, bola ngati pali doko lolipiritsa ndipo limatha kulipiritsa kunja, ndi wosakanizidwa wotuluka kunja, womwe umatchedwanso "plug-in hybrid".Malinga ndi mulingo wamagulu awa, kutalika kokulirapo ndi mtundu wa kutanthauzira ndi kusakanikirana.
Mofananamo, wosakanizidwa wosanjikiza kunja alibe doko, choncho sangathe kulipiritsa kunja.Itha kungolipira batire kudzera mu injini, mphamvu ya kinetic ndi njira zina.
Komabe, pakali pano, mtundu wosakanizidwa umasiyanitsidwa kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi pamsika.Panthawi imeneyi, pulagi-mu hybrid dongosolo ndi ofanana kapena wosakanizidwa wosakanizidwa dongosolo.Poyerekeza ndi mitundu yotalikirapo (mtundu wa mndandanda), injini ya plug-in hybrid (wosakanizidwa) sangangopereka mphamvu yamagetsi ya mabatire ndi ma mota, komanso kuyendetsa magalimoto mwachindunji kudzera pakupatsirana kwa hybrid (ECVT, DHT, etc.) ndikupanga olowa. kukakamiza ndi mota kuyendetsa magalimoto.
Plug in hybrid systems monga great wall lemon hybrid system, Geely Raytheon hybrid system ndi BYD DM-I onse ndi makina osakanizidwa.
Injini mu range extender sangathe kuyendetsa galimoto molunjika.Iyenera kupanga magetsi kudzera mu jenereta, kusunga magetsi mu batri kapena kupereka mwachindunji ku injini.Galimoto, monga njira yokhayo yoyendetsera galimoto yonse, imapereka mphamvu kwa galimotoyo.
Choncho, zigawo zazikulu zitatu za dongosolo la range extender - range extender, batire ndi galimoto sizimaphatikizapo kugwirizana kwa makina, koma zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi magetsi, kotero dongosolo lonse ndilosavuta;Kapangidwe ka plug-in hybrid system ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimafunikira kulumikizana pakati pa madera osiyanasiyana osinthika kudzera muzinthu zamakina monga gearbox.
Nthawi zambiri, zigawo zambiri zamakina zopatsirana mu hybrid system zimakhala ndi zotchinga zapamwamba zaukadaulo, kuzungulira kwa ntchito yayitali komanso dziwe la patent.N'zoonekeratu kuti "kufunafuna liwiro" magalimoto atsopano alibe nthawi kuyamba ndi magiya.
Komabe, pamabizinesi amtundu wamagalimoto amafuta, kufalitsa makina ndi imodzi mwamphamvu zawo, ndipo ali ndi luso lozama komanso luso lopanga zambiri.Pamene mafunde amagetsi akubwera, mwachiwonekere n'zosatheka kuti makampani amtundu wa magalimoto asiye zaka zambiri kapena zaka zambiri zaukadaulo waukadaulo ndikuyambanso.
Kupatula apo, ndizovuta kupanga U-turn yayikulu.
Choncho, chosavuta anawonjezera osiyanasiyana dongosolo wakhala kusankha bwino kwa magalimoto atsopano, ndi pulagi-mu wosakanizidwa, amene sangakhoze kokha kupereka kusewera kwathunthu kwa zinyalala kutentha kufala makina ndi kuchepetsa mowa mphamvu, wakhala kusankha woyamba kwa kusintha kwa magalimoto achikhalidwe.
2, Kutalikirako kudayamba zaka zana zapitazo, ndipo batire yagalimoto nthawi ina inali botolo lokoka
Pambuyo pofotokoza kusiyana pakati pa plug-in hybrid ndi mitundu yotalikirapo, komanso chifukwa chake magalimoto atsopano nthawi zambiri amasankha mitundu yotalikirapo, makampani amagalimoto azikhalidwe amasankha plug-in hybrid.
Ndiye pakutalikirana, kodi mawonekedwe osavuta amatanthauza kubwerera m'mbuyo?
Choyamba, potengera nthawi, kufalikira kwakutali ndiukadaulo wakumbuyo.
Mbiri yotalikirapo ingayambike chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pomwe Ferdinand Porsche, woyambitsa Porsche, adapanga gulu loyamba lapadziko lonse lapansi la hybrid car lohner Porsche.
Lohner Porsche ndi galimoto yamagetsi.Pali ma motors awiri kutsogolo kutsogolo kuti muyendetse galimotoyo.Komabe, chifukwa chaufupi, Ferdinand Porsche anaika jenereta awiri kusintha osiyanasiyana galimoto, amene anapanga dongosolo wosakanizidwa mndandanda ndipo anakhala kholo la kuwonjezeka osiyanasiyana.
Popeza ukadaulo wokulirapo wakhalapo kwa zaka zopitilira 120, bwanji sunapite patsogolo mwachangu?
Choyamba, pamakina otalikirapo, injini ndiye gwero lokhalo lamphamvu pa gudumu, ndipo chida chotalikirapo chimatha kumveka ngati chuma chachikulu cholipiritsa dzuwa.Zoyambazo zimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira zinthu zakale ndikutulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi, pomwe zomalizirazo zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zadzuwa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi.
Choncho, ntchito yofunikira ya range extender ndi kutembenuza mtundu wa mphamvu, choyamba kutembenuza mphamvu ya mankhwala mu mafuta opangira mafuta kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, ndiyeno kutembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic kupyolera mu galimoto.
Malinga ndi chidziwitso choyambirira chakuthupi, kumwa kwina kuyenera kuchitika panthawi yakusintha mphamvu.Munthawi yonse yotalikirapo, matembenuzidwe amphamvu osachepera awiri (chemical energy electric energy kinetic energy) amakhudzidwa, kotero kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zochulukirapo ndizochepa.
M'nthawi ya chitukuko champhamvu cha magalimoto amafuta, makampani amagalimoto azikhalidwe amalimbikira kupanga injini zogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo komanso ma gearbox omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotumizira kwambiri.Panthawiyo, ndi kampani iti yomwe ikanatha kusintha mphamvu yamafuta a injini ndi 1%, kapena kuyandikira Mphotho ya Nobel.
Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe amphamvu amtundu wotalikirapo, omwe sangathe kusintha koma kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi, adasiyidwa ndikunyalanyazidwa ndi makampani ambiri amagalimoto.
Kachiwiri, kuwonjezera pa kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, ma mota ndi mabatire ndi zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimachepetsa kukula kwamitundu yayitali.
M'makina otalikirapo, injini ndiye gwero lokhalo lamphamvu zamagalimoto, koma zaka 20 ~ 30 zapitazo, ukadaulo wamagalimoto oyendetsa galimoto sunali wokhwima, ndipo mtengo wake unali wokwera, voliyumuyo inali yayikulu, ndipo mphamvu siyinathe. yendetsa galimoto yokha.
Panthawiyo, mkhalidwe wa batri unali wofanana ndi wa injini.Palibe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kapena mphamvu imodzi sikungafanane ndi ukadaulo wamakono wa batri.Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu, mukufunikira voliyumu yokulirapo, yomwe idzabweretse ndalama zodula komanso kulemera kwa galimoto.
Tangoganizani kuti zaka 30 zapitazo, mutapanga galimoto yotalikirapo malinga ndi zizindikiro zitatu za magetsi za yabwino, mtengo wake ukhoza kunyamuka mwachindunji.
Komabe, kutalika kokulirapo kumayendetsedwa ndi mota, ndipo mota ili ndi zabwino zopanda torque hysteresis, chete ndi zina zotero.Choncho, pamaso kutchuka kwa unyinji wokulirapo m'munda wa magalimoto onyamula anthu, idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto ndi zombo monga akasinja, magalimoto akuluakulu amigodi, sitima zapamadzi, zomwe sizikhudzidwa ndi mtengo ndi kuchuluka, komanso kukhala ndi zofunikira zapamwamba zamphamvu, zopanda phokoso. , torque yomweyo, etc.
Pomaliza, sizomveka kuti CEO wa Wei Pai ndi Volkswagen anene kuti kutalika ndiukadaulo wakumbuyo.M'nthawi ya magalimoto amafuta omwe akuchulukirachulukira, kuchuluka kokulirapo komwe kumakhala ndi mtengo wokwera komanso kuchepa kwachangu ndiukadaulo wobwerera m'mbuyo.Volkswagen ndi khoma lalikulu (mtundu wa Wei) ndi mitundu iwiri yachikhalidwe yomwe idakula muzaka zamafuta.
Nthawi yafika pano.Ngakhale kwenikweni, palibe kusintha Mkhalidwe pakati pa ukadaulo wamakono wotalikirapo ndi umisiri wotalikirapo wopitilira zaka 100 zapitazo, akadali owonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi ma mota, omwe amatha kutchedwa "ukadaulo wakumbuyo".
Komabe, patapita zaka zana, teknoloji yowonjezereka yafika pamapeto pake.Ndikukula kwachangu kwaukadaulo wamagalimoto ndi batri, ma mops awiri oyambilira akhala mpikisano wofunikira kwambiri, ndikuchotsa kuipa kwanthawi yayitali yamafuta ndikuyamba kuluma msika wamafuta.
3, Kusankha pulagi-mu kusanganikirana pansi mikhalidwe ntchito m'tauni ndi yaitali osiyanasiyana mkulu-liwiro ntchito
Kwa ogula, sasamala ngati kutalika kwake ndi luso lakumbuyo, koma lomwe limakhala lopanda mafuta komanso losavuta kuyendetsa.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, range extender ndi dongosolo la mndandanda.Range extender sangathe kuyendetsa galimoto molunjika, ndipo mphamvu zonse zimachokera ku mota.
Chifukwa chake, izi zimapangitsa magalimoto okhala ndi machitidwe otalikirapo kukhala ndi zokumana nazo zofananira zoyendetsa komanso mawonekedwe oyendetsa ngati ma tram oyera.Pankhani ya mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kutalika kwake kumafanananso ndi magetsi oyera - kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa m'matawuni komanso kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zambiri pansi pazifukwa zothamanga kwambiri.
Makamaka, chifukwa chowonjezera chamtundu chimangotcha batire kapena chimapereka mphamvu ku mota, chowonjezeracho chimatha kusungidwa pa liwiro lotsika mtengo nthawi zambiri.Ngakhale mumayendedwe abwino amagetsi amagetsi (poyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya batri), mtundu wowonjezera sungathe ngakhale kuyambitsa, kapena kutulutsa mafuta.Komabe, injini ya galimoto yamafuta sichitha nthawi zonse kugwira ntchito pa liwiro lokhazikika.Ngati mukufunika kupitilira ndikuthamangitsa, muyenera kukulitsa liwiro, ndipo ngati mutsekeredwa mumsewu wamsewu, mudzakhala osagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chifukwa chake, m'mayendetsedwe abwinobwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu (zamafuta) m'misewu yotsika kwambiri m'mizinda nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi magalimoto amafuta omwe ali ndi injini yosinthira yomweyi.
Komabe, monga momwe zilili ndi magetsi oyera, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pansi pazifukwa zothamanga kwambiri ndi yapamwamba kuposa yomwe imakhala yotsika kwambiri;M'malo mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagalimoto amafuta pansi pamikhalidwe yothamanga kwambiri kumakhala kotsika kuposa komwe kumakhala m'mizinda.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti pansi pa ntchito yothamanga kwambiri, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya galimoto imakhala yochuluka, mphamvu ya batri idzagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira, ndipo chowonjezera chamtundu chidzafunika kugwira ntchito "katundu wathunthu" kwa nthawi yaitali.Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mapaketi a batri, kulemera kwa magalimoto kumagalimoto otalikirana okhala ndi kukula kofanana nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa magalimoto amafuta.
Magalimoto amafuta amapindula ndi kukhalapo kwa gearbox.Pazifukwa zothamanga kwambiri, galimotoyo imatha kukwera kumalo apamwamba, kotero kuti injiniyo ili pa liwiro lachuma, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumakhala kochepa.
Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwanthawi yayitali pansi pazantchito zothamanga kwambiri kumakhala kofanana ndi magalimoto amafuta omwe ali ndi injini yosinthira, kapena kupitilira apo.
Pambuyo pokamba za kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwamtundu wautali ndi mafuta, kodi pali ukadaulo wosakanizidwa womwe ungaphatikizepo ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zocheperako pamagalimoto otalikirapo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotsika kwambiri zamagalimoto amafuta, ndipo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pazachuma pa liwiro lalikulu?
Yankho ndi inde, ndiko kuti, kusakaniza izo.
Mwachidule, plug-in hybrid system ndiyosavuta.Poyerekeza ndi mtunda wotalikirapo, wakale amatha kuyendetsa galimoto molunjika ndi injini pansi pamikhalidwe yogwira ntchito kwambiri;Poyerekeza ndi mafuta, kusanganikirana kwa plug-in kumathanso kukhala ngati mtunda wautali.Injini imapereka mphamvu ku injini ndikuyendetsa galimotoyo.
Komanso, pulagi-mu dongosolo haibridi alinso kufala wosakanizidwa (ECVT, DHT), amene chimathandiza ankalemekeza mphamvu ya galimoto ndi injini kukwaniritsa "Integration" kupirira mathamangitsidwe mofulumira kapena mkulu kufunika mphamvu.
Koma monga mwambiwu umanenera, mukhoza kupeza chinachake ngati mutasiya.
Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa makina opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito makina, mapangidwe a plug-in kusanganikirana ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo voliyumu ndi yokulirapo.Chifukwa chake, pakati pa mapulagi-mu hybrid ndi mitundu yotalikirapo ya mulingo womwewo, mphamvu ya batri yamitundu yotalikirapo ndi yayikulu kuposa ya plug-in hybrid model, yomwe imathanso kubweretsa mitundu yayitali yamagetsi yoyera.Ngati malo agalimoto akungopita kutawuni, kutalika kwake kumatha kulipiritsidwa popanda kuwonjezera mafuta.
Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya batri ya 2021 yabwino ndi 40.5kwh, ndipo mtunda wokhazikika wamagetsi wa NEDC ndi 188km.Mphamvu ya batire ya Mercedes Benz gle 350 e (plug-in hybrid version) ndi BMW X5 xdrive45e (plug-in hybrid version) pafupi ndi kukula kwake ndi 31.2kwh ndi 24kwh, ndipo mtunda wamagetsi wamagetsi wa NEDC ndi 103km okha ndipo 85km pa.
Chifukwa chomwe mtundu wa BYD's DM-I ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakadali pano ndichifukwa choti mphamvu ya batire ya mtundu wakale ndi yayikulu kuposa yachitsanzo chakale cha DM, ndipo imaposanso yamitundu yotalikirapo ya mulingo womwewo.Kuyenda m’mizinda kungatheke mwa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi okha popanda mafuta, ndipo mtengo wa magalimoto udzachepetsedwa moyenerera.
Mwachidule, pamagalimoto omwe angomangidwa kumene, plug-mu wosakanizidwa (wosakanizidwa) wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri amafunikira osati kusanthula kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kakulidwe kachitukuko, komanso mayeso ambiri odalirika pa pulagi-mu hybrid system, yomwe ndi mwachiwonekere sichifulumira mu nthawi.
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha ukadaulo wa batri ndi magalimoto, kukulitsa kwamitundu ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kwakhala "njira yachidule" yamagalimoto atsopano, ndikudutsa mwachindunji gawo lamphamvu kwambiri lopanga magalimoto.
Koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwatsopano kwamphamvu kwamakampani amtundu wamagalimoto, mwachiwonekere sakufuna kusiya mphamvu, kufalitsa ndi machitidwe ena omwe adayikapo zaka zambiri zamphamvu (zamunthu ndi zachuma) pakufufuza ndi chitukuko, ndiyeno kuyambira zikande.
Tekinoloje ya Hybrid, monga plug-in hybrid, yomwe sichitha kungopereka zonse pakuwotcha kwamafuta amafuta monga injini ndi gearbox, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kuwononga mafuta, yakhala chisankho wamba pamabizinesi azikhalidwe zamagalimoto kunyumba ndi kunja.
Chifukwa chake, kaya ndi plug-in hybrid kapena yotalikirapo, ndiye njira yosinthira nthawi yaukadaulo wamakono wa batri.Mavuto amtundu wa batri ndi mphamvu zowonjezeranso mphamvu zikathetsedwa mtsogolomo, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kudzathetsedwa.Ukadaulo wosakanizidwa monga wotalikirapo ndi plug-mu wosakanizidwa ukhoza kukhala njira yamagetsi yazida zingapo zapadera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-19-2022